4. File System and Simple IO¶
Working directory:
> getwd()
[1] "C:/Users/Shailesh"
Changing working directory:
> setwd('..')
> getwd()
[1] "C:/Users"
> setwd('shailesh')
> getwd()
[1] "C:/Users/shailesh"
4.1. Printing¶
printing a vector:
> x <-10
> print(x)
[1] 10
> print(1:3)
[1] 1 2 3
Printing data in a loop:
> for (month in month.abb[1:4]){print(month)}
[1] "Jan"
[1] "Feb"
[1] "Mar"
[1] "Apr"
Printing factors:
> fruits = c("apple", "banana", "pear", "watermelon")
> fruit_list <- sample(fruits, 20, replace=TRUE)
> fruit_factors <- factor(fruit_list, levels=fruits)
> fruit_factors
[1] banana apple apple pear apple apple apple banana apple
[10] watermelon banana watermelon apple banana apple pear banana banana
[19] banana pear
Levels: apple banana pear watermelon
> print(fruit_factors)
[1] banana apple apple pear apple apple apple banana apple
[10] watermelon banana watermelon apple banana apple pear banana banana
[19] banana pear
Levels: apple banana pear watermelon
Factors can be printed with quotes:
> print(fruit_factors, quote=TRUE)
[1] "banana" "apple" "apple" "pear" "apple" "apple" "apple" "banana"
[9] "apple" "watermelon" "banana" "watermelon" "apple" "banana" "apple" "pear"
[17] "banana" "banana" "banana" "pear"
Levels: "apple" "banana" "pear" "watermelon"
Skipping the levels while printing:
> print(fruit_factors, quote=TRUE, max.levels = 0)
[1] "banana" "apple" "apple" "pear" "apple" "apple" "apple" "banana"
[9] "apple" "watermelon" "banana" "watermelon" "apple" "banana" "apple" "pear"
[17] "banana" "banana" "banana" "pear"
Controlling the number of digits in floating point numbers:
> print(pi)
[1] 3.141593
> print(pi, digits=15)
[1] 3.14159265358979
> print(pi, digits=4)
[1] 3.142